- 仮定を表現する:If I were you(通常は I was)
- 要求・希望・願望・必要性などを表現する:I demand he be present (通常は he is)
[動詞の変化]
- 仮定法では下記の3種類の動詞が変更されて表現される。
- am, are, is → be
- was → were
- has, makes, runs, sings, etc → 動詞の原型(s を取り除く)
[仮定法過去]
現在の事実に反する仮定。
注:was は were に変更される。その他は通常通り表現される。
- He would tell me if he knew, but he doesn't know anything about it(仮定を表現)
- If he were alive today, he’d be 100 years old. (仮定を表現)
- I wish it were real. (希望を表す)
[仮定法現在]
注:am, are, is は be に、3人称単数現在の動詞も原型に変更される。
- It is imperative that the game begin at once. (要求を表現)
- I propose he work full time. (提案を表現)
- It’s essential that they be heard. (必要性を表現)
- It is important that everyone register. (重要性を表現)
[仮定法過去完了]
過去の事実に反する仮定。
注:動詞は通常通り表現される。
- If I had known your address, I would have emailed you. (仮定を表現)
- If you had left earlier you would have caught the train. (仮定を表現)
- I wish you hadn’t said that at that time. (希望を表現)
[仮定法未来]
実現する可能性が低いことを仮定。
- What will you tell him, if he should come? (万一の表現)
- If you would join in our party, we should be most delighted. (万一の表現)
→ 課題 #11