文法 #29 仮定法

[仮定法]
  • 仮定を表現する:If I were you(通常は I was)
  • 要求・希望・願望・必要性などを表現する:I demand he be present (通常は he is)

[動詞の変化]
  • 仮定法では下記の3種類の動詞が変更されて表現される。
    • am, are, is → be
    • was → were
    • has, makes, runs, sings, etc → 動詞の原型(s を取り除く)

[仮定法過去]
現在の事実に反する仮定。
注:was は were に変更される。その他は通常通り表現される。
  • He would tell me if he knew, but he doesn't know anything about it(仮定を表現)
  • If he were alive today, he’d be 100 years old. (仮定を表現)
  • I wish it were real. (希望を表す)

[仮定法現在]
注:am, are, is は be に、3人称単数現在の動詞も原型に変更される。
  • It is imperative that the game begin at once. (要求を表現)
  • I propose he work full time.  (提案を表現)
  • It’s essential that they be heard. (必要性を表現)
  • It is important that everyone register. (重要性を表現)

[仮定法過去完了]
過去の事実に反する仮定。
注:動詞は通常通り表現される。
  • If I had known your address, I would have emailed you. (仮定を表現)
  • If you had left earlier you would have caught the train. (仮定を表現)
  • I wish you hadn’t said that at that time. (希望を表現)

[仮定法未来]
実現する可能性が低いことを仮定。
  • What will you tell him, if he should come? (万一の表現)
  • If you would join in our party, we should be most delighted. (万一の表現)


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