- æ: This is a short vowel sound. It sounds like the 'a' in cat /kæt/ and 'apple' /'æpl/. The shape of /æ/ looks like an 'a' and an 'e' joining together: 'ae' = æ. To make this sound, move your tongue down, open your mouth very wide (big enough to eat a whole apple), and use your voice.
- ʌ: This sound is usually spelt with an 'u'; eg. in 'up' /ʌp/ and 'cut' /kʌt/. It is also sometimes spelt as 'on'; eg. in 'wonderful'. The shape of /ʌ/ looks like the head of an arrow pointing up.
- ɑ: This symbol is called "script A", because it's the kind of A you would make when hand-writing. The kind of A that looks like it's typewritten, [a], is a different IPA symbol representing a different sound.
［受動態（前置詞がbyではない）］
- Everyone knows him.
→ He is known （ ） everyone. - The news surprised me.
→ I was surprised （ ） the news. - Flowers is covering the garden.
→ The garden is covered （ ） flowers. - Playing guitar is interesting to me.
→ I'm interested （ ） playing guitar. - That pleased us very much.
→ We were very pleased （ ） that. - Water filled my bag.
→ My bag was filled （ ） water.
［consider / considerable / considerate］
- Stop and consider that for a moment.
- Keeping a car is a considerable expense. [kənsídərəbl]
- We think that he is the most considerate person we have ever met. [kənsídərət]
［succeed / successive / successful］
- I'm sure that you will succeed.
- After John F. Kennedy’s assassination, the successive president of Lyndon B. Johnson immediately took over the job.
- The party was, on the whole, successful.
文法 #11 発音記号の一覧
文法 #15 受動態 #2（前置詞がby以外）
文法 #14 派生語
