文法 #74 時制の一致

[現在時制]
主節が現在時制の時、従属節は今(現在)を起点に変化する。
  • I am searching the ticket which I bought last month. (従属節は過去形)
  • I think that he is ill. (従属節は現在形)
  • I don't know when they will come here.(従属節は未来形)

[過去時制]
主節が過去時制の時、従属節はその時点(過去)を起点に変化する。
  • I was searching the ticket at that time which I had bought last month. (従属節は過去完了形(大過去))
  • I thought that he was ill. (従属節は過去形)
  • I didn't know when they would come here. (従属節は助動詞の過去形)

[未来時制]
主節が未来時制の時、従属節はその時点(未来)を起点に変化する。
  • I will search the ticket which I bought last month. (従属節は過去形)
  • I will go shopping if it rains tomorrow. (従属節は現在形)

[時制の一致の例外]
  • I said to him "If you go shopping for furniture I will lend my car.". (直接話法)
  • At school, I learned that water boils at 100℃. (普遍的な事実)
  • He said that he jogs every day. ((現在も変らない)習慣)
  • He told that if he had money he would assist them with funds. (仮定法:従属節は過去を起点にした変化をしていない)

日記 に補足があります。