文法 #61 場所を表す前置詞（up / down）

［場所を表す前置詞の一覧］

［up / down］
  • Go up / down the stairs. 
  • He put up / down a flag.
  • She was walking up / down the street.
  • They're traveling up / down the escalator.
  • Joseff is up / down the slide.

［up］
  • He climbed up the steps.
  • My grandparents live just up the road.
  • Sam lifted up the box.

［down］
  • He laid down the gun. 
  • The stone rolled down the hill.
  • Tears ran down her face.
  • Someone pushed him and he fall down the stairs.

※日記 に補足があります。
→ 文法 #35 前置詞の一覧

→ 文法 #56 場所を表す前置詞（at / in / on）
→ 文法 #57 場所を表す前置詞（to / toward / for / from）
→ 文法 #58 場所を表す前置詞（into / out of）
→ 文法 #59 場所を表す前置詞（over / under）
→ 文法 #60 場所を表す前置詞（above / below / beneath）
→ 文法 #62 場所を表す前置詞（before / after / behind）
→ 文法 #63 場所を表す前置詞（between / among）
→ 文法 #64 場所を表す前置詞（near / beside / by）
→ 文法 #65 場所を表す前置詞（round / around）

文法 #60 場所を表す前置詞（above / below / beneath）

［場所を表す前置詞の一覧］

［above］
  • Leonald lives in the room above us.
  • I saw the moon above the horizon.
  • Put your hands above your head.
  • The plane flew above the clouds.
  • The clock is above the fireplace.
  • You're not above the law.
  • My grades are above average.
  • Her voice was heard above the noise.
  • The temperature is above freezing today.

［below］
  • Last night, the temperature went down to ten degrees below zero.
  • Tom has a scar just below his left eye.
  • His work is below average.
  • The fuel level is below empty.
  • The sun is setting below the horizon.
  • The Yamada family lives in the apartment below this one.
  • We can offer these new products at 20% below list price.

［beneath］
underやbelowとして使えるが、形式ばった感じがするため口語ではあまり使わない。
  • Tom is sitting beneath the tree.
  • The ice will crack beneath our weight.
  • The money was hidden beneath the floorboards.
  • Her anger was just beneath the surface.
  • This relic was made by Jerusalem beneath Roman rule

※日記 に補足があります。
→ 文法 #35 前置詞の一覧

→ 文法 #56 場所を表す前置詞（at / in / on）
→ 文法 #57 場所を表す前置詞（to / toward / for / from）
→ 文法 #58 場所を表す前置詞（into / out of）
→ 文法 #59 場所を表す前置詞（over / under）
→ 文法 #61 場所を表す前置詞（up / down）
→ 文法 #62 場所を表す前置詞（before / after / behind）
→ 文法 #63 場所を表す前置詞（between / among）
→ 文法 #64 場所を表す前置詞（near / beside / by）
→ 文法 #65 場所を表す前置詞（round / around）

文法 #59 場所を表す前置詞（over / under）

［場所を表す前置詞の一覧］

［over］
  • He is famous all over the world.
  • I've never seen a plane fly over this island.
  • You see it all over the Internet.
  • They chatted over coffee for more than two hours.
  • If you turn over that box, you will see it's wet on the bottom.
  • You should look over the contract before you sign it.
  • That man standing over there might be our new teacher.
  • "It's over here," Jonathan said, leading them toward a large shed.

［under］
  • Tom sat under a tree.
  • Tom wanted to sleep under the stars.
  • Tom concealed his pistol under his coat.
  • The road is under repair. 
  • You're all under arrest.
  • The road is under repair.
  • I work best under pressure.
  • We are under his command.

※日記 に補足があります。
→ 文法 #35 前置詞の一覧

→ 文法 #56 場所を表す前置詞（at / in / on）
→ 文法 #57 場所を表す前置詞（to / toward / for / from）
→ 文法 #58 場所を表す前置詞（into / out of）
→ 文法 #60 場所を表す前置詞（above / below / beneath）
→ 文法 #61 場所を表す前置詞（up / down）
→ 文法 #62 場所を表す前置詞（before / after / behind）
→ 文法 #63 場所を表す前置詞（between / among）
→ 文法 #64 場所を表す前置詞（near / beside / by）
→ 文法 #65 場所を表す前置詞（round / around）

文法 #58 場所を表す前置詞（into / out of）

［場所を表す前置詞の一覧］

［into］
  • She went into her room to change her dress.
  • I got into a taxi outside Shinjuku Station.
  • I'll come into the office early tomorrow.
  • Tom stepped into the shower.
  • He looked into the sky and at the stars.
  • The boy was about to jump into the lake.
  • He burst into tears.
  • He burst into laughter.
  • The car turned over and burst into flames.
  • Can you translate English into Japanese?
  • We can divide the work into three parts.
  • These three countries were united into one.
  • Enter the information into the computer.
  • Can you change this into American dollars?
  • Yokohama has developed into a very large city.

［out of］
  • Professor Johnson is out of town this week.
  • I'm always clipping recipes out of magazines.
  • I really had to drag myself out of bed this morning.
  • My daughter just got out of the hospital.
  • The panda broke out of its cage.
  • You must never look out of the windows.
  • Will you put these boxes out of the room?
  • This rain came out of nowhere.
  • He took my report out of my office.

※日記 に補足があります。
→ 文法 #35 前置詞の一覧

→ 文法 #56 場所を表す前置詞（at / in / on）
→ 文法 #57 場所を表す前置詞（to / toward / for / from）
→ 文法 #59 場所を表す前置詞（over / under）
→ 文法 #60 場所を表す前置詞（above / below / beneath）
→ 文法 #61 場所を表す前置詞（up / down）
→ 文法 #62 場所を表す前置詞（before / after / behind）
→ 文法 #63 場所を表す前置詞（between / among）
→ 文法 #64 場所を表す前置詞（near / beside / by）
→ 文法 #65 場所を表す前置詞（round / around）

文法 #57 場所を表す前置詞（to / toward / for / from）

［場所を表す前置詞の一覧］

［to VS toward］
to：～へ（方向・到達点）
toward：～の方へ（方向 ※移動・進行中のニュアンスが含まれ、到達は含まれない）、～に向かって（※移動のニュアンスが無い場合には ～に向かって、～に面して）
  • Ben walks to his office every day. （～へ）
  • When I saw Ben, he was walking toward / to his office. （～の方へ）
  • He walked toward the station.（～の方へ）
  • Our hotel room faced toward the ocean. （～に向かって、～に面して）

［to VS for］
to：～へ（方向・到達点）
for：～に向けて（方向・方角）
  • The airplane went to Tokyo. （※行った：到達が含まれている）
  • The airplane left for Tokyo.（※出発した：方角のみが含まれている）
  • I missed the last train bound for Ebina.

［to］
  • Turn to the right at the next corner.
  • Can I have a one-way ticket to New York?
  • Can you come to the party?
  • We've got to get back to the ship.

［toward］
  • Jack sat with his back toward the window.
  • The flowers will turn toward the sun.
  • He took a step toward her.
  • He nodded toward Jasmine.

［for］
  • "I'll get us some coffee," she said, heading for the kitchen.
  • I work for a bank.
  • Send for the doctor.
  • I was late for school.

［from］
  • When did you come back from Tokyo?
  • I'm calling from Boston.
  • He appeared from nowhere.
  • He is absent from school.

※日記 に補足があります。
→ 文法 #35 前置詞の一覧

→ 文法 #56 場所を表す前置詞（at / in / on）
→ 文法 #58 場所を表す前置詞（into / out of）
→ 文法 #59 場所を表す前置詞（over / under）
→ 文法 #60 場所を表す前置詞（above / below / beneath）
→ 文法 #61 場所を表す前置詞（up / down）
→ 文法 #62 場所を表す前置詞（before / after / behind）
→ 文法 #63 場所を表す前置詞（between / among）
→ 文法 #64 場所を表す前置詞（near / beside / by）
→ 文法 #65 場所を表す前置詞（round / around）

文法 #56 場所を表す前置詞（at / in / on）

［場所を表す前置詞の一覧］

［at：特定の地点・場所］
  • There are a good number of people at the park.
  • We saw a baseball game at the stadium.
  • Open your books at page 10.
  • He always arrives late at school.
  • The teacher told us to look at the blackboard.
  • He throw the ball at the center of the board.
  • Peter glanced at her.
  • "Don't laugh at me!", she shouted at him.
  • John arrived at the airport 2 hours before the flight.
  • Let's meet at the theater.
    ※住所を表すのに at が使われる。
    • Please email me at marumarutonton@yahoo.co.jp.
    • My office is at 1-1-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjuku-ward.

［in：空間（・地域や領域）の中］
  • My office is in Shinjuku.
  • We sit in the room.
  • John arrived in Tokyo from New York yesterday.
  • He lives in Paris.
  • Please fill in the form to make an order.
  • Becky took part in the competition.
  • I don't usually put my keys in the drawer.

［on：何かに接している］
  • A fallen leaf floated on the surface of the water.
  • I put an egg on the kitchen table.
  • We watched a baseball game on television.
  • The picture is on page 10.
  • He lives on a farm.
  • I called on my aunt last month.
  • The shop is on the left.
  • Get on a shuttle bus to the hotel at the airport.
  • The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.
  • From there we can look down on the village.
    ※身体の一部を指すのに on が使われる。
    • The stick hit me on my shoulder.
    • He kissed me on my cheek.
    • I wear a ring on my finger.

※日記 に補足があります。
→ 文法 #35 前置詞の一覧

→ 文法 #57 場所を表す前置詞（to / toward / for / from）
→ 文法 #58 場所を表す前置詞（into / out of）
→ 文法 #59 場所を表す前置詞（over / under）
→ 文法 #60 場所を表す前置詞（above / below / beneath）
→ 文法 #61 場所を表す前置詞（up / down）
→ 文法 #62 場所を表す前置詞（before / after / behind）
→ 文法 #63 場所を表す前置詞（between / among）
→ 文法 #64 場所を表す前置詞（near / beside / by）
→ 文法 #65 場所を表す前置詞（round / around）

追加課題 #01 which - 関係代名詞＆疑問代名詞

［疑問代名詞］
  • Tell me which you want.
  • If you were Tom, which would you choose?
  • I can't remember which is my racket.
  • It doesn't matter very much which college you graduated from.
  • It isn't clear which of them wanted that.
  • He stopped to think which way to go.
  • Lend me something with which to cut the string. （関係代名詞）
  • The hardest thing in life is knowing which bridges to cross and which bridges to burn.
  • We should ask Tom which one he thinks we should buy.
  • They are so much alike that I don't know which is which.
  • Let's make clear which is right and which is wrong.

［関係代名詞］
  • Kate found the watch which she had lost.
  • This is the house which was designed by a famous architect.
  • I did that which she asked me to do. 
  • The village which I visited last summer was a small one in Nagano Prefecture.
  • This book, which was once a best seller, is now out of print.
  • The training, for which you will be paid, takes four weeks.
  • "The good die young" is an old saying which may or may not be true.
  • Unlike birds, which feed and shelter their young, fish abandon their eggs.
  • I said nothing, which made her angry.
  • He broke his promise, which was a big mistake.
  • They are building an apartment building next door, which will ruin our view.
  • She may be late, in which case we will wait.

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