文法 #106 不定詞と動名詞

動詞の後ろに不定詞が来る場合と動名詞が来る場合とで、条件があるものや意味が異なる場合がある。

[同じ意味]
begin / can't bear / can't stand / continue / hate / like / love / prefer / propose / start など
  • She began singing. = She began to sing.
  • I like to play guitar. = I like playing guitar.
  • It started to rain. = It started raining.

[不定詞しか取らない動詞]
agree / appear / arrange / ask / attempt / beg / can't afford / can wait / care / change / choose / claim / come / consent / dare / decide / demand deserve / determine / elect / endeavor / expect / fail / get / grow up / guarantee / hesitate / hope / hurry / incline / learn / manage / mean / need / neglect / offer / pay / plan / prepare / pretend / profess / promise / prove / refuse / remain / request / resolve / say / seek / seem / shudder / strive / struggle / swear / tend / threaten / turn out / venture / volunteer / wait / want / wish / would like / yearn など
  • He is determined to go to England.
  • Camels will refuse to carry loads that are not properly balanced.
  • I just wanted to ask you a question.

[動名詞しか取らない動詞]
abhor / acknowledge / admit / advise / allow / anticipate / appreciate / avoid / be worth / can't help / celebrate / confess / consider / defend / delay / detest / discontinue / discuss / dislike / dispute / dread / endure / enjoy / escape / evade / explain / fancy / fear / feel like / feign / finish / forgive / give up / keep / keep on / mention / mind / miss / necessitate / omit / permit / picture / postpone / practice / prevent / put off / recall / recollect / recommend / report / resent / resist / resume / risk / shirk / shun / stop / suggest / support / tolerate / urge / warrant など
  • Her parents don't allow smoking in the house. (smoking:直接目的語)
    •  参考)Tom doesn't allow his son to eat ice cream. (to eatは補語)
  • He shut the door to avoid being overheard.
  • I don’t mind working overtime.

[ちょっと注意点があるもの]
  • need(~を必要とする)
    • The house needs cleaning.
    • The house needs to be cleaned.
    • ※上の2文は同じ意味。needに動名詞が続く時、その動名詞は受動的な意味となる。(need being cleanedとは言わない)
  • mean(~を意味する)
    • The pipes are frozen. That means getting a plumber. (結果としてなされるものがある)
    • I meant to phone the plumber, but I lost his number. (意図:~するつもり)
  • dread(~を恐れる)
    • She dreaded taking the test. (通常は動名詞を取る)
    • He dreaded to think of the consequences of his actions. (think や consider と共に使い、~について考えたくない)

[意味が異なるもの]
stop / quit / try / forget / regret / go on / remember / mean
  • stop
    • I stopped smoking. (他動詞+目的語:~することを止める)
    • I stopped to smoke. (自動詞+目的の副詞:~するために立ち止まる)
  • quit
    • She quit working here. (他動詞+目的語:~することを辞める)
    • She quit to work here. (自動詞+目的の副詞~するために辞める)
  • try
    • I tried dieting but I didn’t lose weight. (試しに:~する)
    • I tried to diet but I couldn’t. (簡単ではないものを:~しようとする)
  • forget
    • She forgot reading the book when she was a child. (過去:~したことを忘れる)
    • I forgot to bring the tickets. (現在:~することを忘れる)
  • regret
    • I regret marrying her. (過去:~したことを後悔する)
    • We regret to inform you that the 18:30 train has been cancelled. (現在:残念なことに~する)
  • go on
    • We’ll go on questioning you until we get the truth. (継続的に:~し続ける)
    • We’ll go on to discuss the next item. (アクションを変化して:~することに続ける)
  • remember
    • I remember mentioning the meeting yesterday. (過去:~したことを覚えている)
    • He remembered to turn off the lights before he left. (現在:~することを思い出す)

日記 に補足があります。

→ 文法 #104 現在分詞と過去分詞
→ 文法 #105 現在分詞と動名詞